1. What is demand forecasting?
(A) Estimating future customer demand for products or services
(B) Recording past production costs
(C) Measuring employee productivity
(D) Evaluating supplier performance
2. What is the primary purpose of demand forecasting?
(A) To eliminate all business risks
(B) To estimate future demand for effective planning
(C) To increase product prices
(D) To reduce employee training
3. Which of the following is a major benefit of accurate demand forecasting?
(A) Increased uncertainty
(B) Higher inventory wastage
(C) Better resource utilization
(D) Reduced customer satisfaction
4. Which forecasting method is based primarily on expert opinions?
(A) Moving average method
(B) Exponential smoothing
(C) Trend analysis
(D) Delphi method
5. Which type of forecasting uses historical numerical data?
(A) Qualitative forecasting
(B) Quantitative forecasting
(C) Intuitive forecasting
(D) Judgmental forecasting
6. Which forecasting technique is commonly used to identify long-term demand patterns?
(A) Trend analysis
(B) Consumer interviews
(C) Executive opinion
(D) Market surveys
7. What does short-term demand forecasting generally support?
(A) Long-term corporate expansion
(B) National economic policy
(C) Daily production and inventory decisions
(D) Long-term investment planning
8. Which factor can significantly influence consumer demand?
(A) Office decoration
(B) Employee uniforms
(C) Warehouse color
(D) Consumer income
9. What is seasonal demand?
(A) Demand that remains constant throughout the year
(B) Demand that changes according to particular seasons
(C) Demand that occurs only once
(D) Demand that is unrelated to consumer behavior
10. Which forecasting approach involves collecting opinions from sales representatives?
(A) Sales force composite method
(B) Moving average method
(C) Trend projection method
(D) Exponential smoothing method
11. What is the Delphi technique mainly used for?
(A) Measuring inventory costs
(B) Recording daily sales
(C) Obtaining a consensus from a panel of experts
(D) Calculating production capacity
12. Which forecasting method uses customer surveys to estimate future demand?
(A) Trend analysis
(B) Exponential smoothing
(C) Time series analysis
(D) Market research method
13. What is time series forecasting based on?
(A) Expert interviews only
(B) Historical observations arranged over time
(C) Competitor opinions only
(D) Random assumptions
14. Which component of a time series represents a general long-term movement in demand?
(A) Trend
(B) Seasonal variation
(C) Random variation
(D) Cyclical variation
15. What does cyclical variation refer to in demand forecasting?
(A) Daily fluctuations in sales
(B) Changes caused by product packaging
(C) Long-term fluctuations associated with business cycles
(D) Regular changes occurring every week
16. Which component represents unpredictable changes in demand?
(A) Trend
(B) Seasonal variation
(C) Cyclical variation
(D) Random variation
17. What is the moving average method used for?
(A) Eliminating customer preferences
(B) Smoothing short-term fluctuations in demand data
(C) Measuring employee performance
(D) Determining product quality
18. Which forecasting method gives greater importance to recent observations?
(A) Exponential smoothing
(B) Delphi technique
(C) Market survey method
(D) Executive opinion method
19. What is forecast error?
(A) Difference between production cost and selling price
(B) Difference between inventory and warehouse capacity
(C) Difference between actual demand and forecasted demand
(D) Difference between employee output and working hours
20. Which measure is commonly used to evaluate the accuracy of demand forecasts?
(A) Return on investment
(B) Gross profit margin
(C) Inventory turnover
(D) Mean Absolute Deviation
21. What is the main purpose of collaborative forecasting?
(A) To avoid sharing information
(B) To combine information from different supply chain partners
(C) To increase uncertainty
(D) To eliminate customer feedback
22. Which of the following is an example of external demand forecasting information?
(A) Market trends and economic conditions
(B) Internal employee attendance
(C) Factory maintenance records
(D) Warehouse cleaning schedules
23. What is the relationship between demand forecasting and inventory management?
(A) Forecasting eliminates the need for inventory
(B) Inventory management does not depend on demand
(C) Forecasting helps determine appropriate inventory levels
(D) Forecasting only measures warehouse expenses
24. What is new product forecasting primarily concerned with?
(A) Estimating the previous year's production costs
(B) Measuring existing warehouse capacity
(C) Recording historical employee performance
(D) Estimating demand for products with limited or no sales history
25. Which factor is especially important when forecasting demand for fashion products?
(A) Factory location
(B) Changing consumer preferences and trends
(C) Office working hours
(D) Warehouse construction materials
26. What is the main limitation of qualitative forecasting methods?
(A) They may involve subjective judgment
(B) They always require large historical datasets
(C) They cannot use expert opinions
(D) They are limited to manufacturing industries
27. What does demand variability mean?
(A) The fixed price of a product
(B) The total number of suppliers
(C) Changes and fluctuations in customer demand
(D) The physical size of a warehouse
28. How can inaccurate demand forecasting affect a business?
(A) It always improves customer service
(B) It eliminates stock-related problems
(C) It guarantees higher profits
(D) It may cause stockouts or excess inventory
29. What is the purpose of demand forecasting in production planning?
(A) To eliminate production schedules
(B) To align production activities with expected customer demand
(C) To increase unnecessary production
(D) To avoid monitoring market conditions
30. Why should demand forecasts be regularly reviewed and updated?
(A) Because market conditions and customer preferences change
(B) Because historical data becomes permanently useless
(C) Because demand always remains constant
(D) Because forecasting does not require monitoring