1. : What is the primary purpose of data analysis in research?
(A) To collect raw data
(B) To interpret and draw conclusions from data
(C) To design a hypothesis
(D) To summarize literature
2. : What does mean represent in statistics?
(A) The middle value
(B) The most frequent value
(C) The average value
(D) The largest value
3. : What is the median?
(A) The sum of all values divided by total number
(B) The middle value when data is ordered
(C) The value that occurs most frequently
(D) The lowest value in the dataset
4. : The mode is:
(A) The average value
(B) The difference between the largest and smallest values
(C) The value that appears most frequently
(D) The median of the dataset
5. : The range of a dataset is:
(A) The average value
(B) The difference between highest and lowest values
(C) The sum of all values
(D) The square root of variance
6. : Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?
(A) Mean
(B) Median
(C) Mode
(D) Standard deviation
7. : Variance is:
(A) The square of standard deviation
(B) The square root of standard deviation
(C) Always zero
(D) Equal to the mean
8. : Which of the following graphs is used to represent frequency distribution?
(A) Pie chart
(B) Histogram
(C) Line graph
(D) Scatter plot
9. : Which type of data uses numbers with equal intervals but no true zero?
(A) Nominal
(B) Ordinal
(C) Interval
(D) Ratio
10. : Data that can be classified into categories without order is called:
(A) Nominal data
(B) Ordinal data
(C) Interval data
(D) Ratio data
11. : Which level of measurement includes a true zero point?
(A) Nominal
(B) Ordinal
(C) Interval
(D) Ratio
12. : Which of the following is a non-parametric test?
(A) t-test
(B) Chi-square test
(C) ANOVA
(D) Regression
13. : The t-test is used to:
(A) Compare means between two groups
(B) Compare more than two groups
(C) Analyze categorical data
(D) Test correlations
14. : The ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test is used to:
(A) Compare two means
(B) Compare more than two means
(C) Find correlation between variables
(D) Test frequency distributions
15. : Which statistical test is used to determine the relationship between two variables?
(A) Correlation
(B) Chi-square
(C) t-test
(D) ANOVA
16. : A positive correlation means:
(A) Both variables increase together
(B) One increases while the other decreases
(C) No relationship exists
(D) Both variables decrease together
17. : A correlation coefficient (r) ranges between:
(A) 0 and 1
(B) –1 and +1
(C) 0 and 100
(D) –100 and +100
18. : If r = 0, it indicates:
(A) Perfect correlation
(B) No correlation
(C) Strong negative correlation
(D) Strong positive correlation
19. : Regression analysis is used to:
(A) Predict the value of one variable based on another
(B) Compare two means
(C) Test differences among groups
(D) Determine frequency
20. : In statistics, outliers are:
(A) Values within the normal range
(B) Extreme values differing greatly from others
(C) Mean values
(D) Missing data
21. : A null hypothesis (H₀) states that:
(A) There is no significant difference or relationship
(B) There is a significant difference
(C) Data is qualitative
(D) The sample is biased
22. : The p-value in hypothesis testing indicates:
(A) The probability that results occurred by chance
(B) The correlation strength
(C) The mean value
(D) The test statistic
23. : A result is considered statistically significant if:
0.05″ onclick=”checkAnswer(‘q23’, ‘p < 0.05')"> (A) p > 0.05
(B) p < 0.05
(C) p = 1.00
(D) p = 0.50
24. : The standard error measures:
(A) Variation between sample means and population mean
(B) Accuracy of measurement tools
(C) The average deviation
(D) Sampling bias
25. : A frequency table shows:
(A) The number of times each value occurs
(B) The mean of data
(C) The deviation from mean
(D) The correlation value
26. : Which of the following is not a graphical representation of data?
(A) Histogram
(B) Bar chart
(C) Pie chart
(D) Paragraph
27. : Which of the following best describes descriptive statistics?
(A) Drawing conclusions from data
(B) Summarizing and organizing data
(C) Predicting future events
(D) Testing hypotheses
28. : Inferential statistics are used to:
(A) Describe a dataset
(B) Make predictions or generalizations about a population
(C) Organize raw data
(D) Find averages
29. : The normal distribution curve is:
(A) Skewed to the right
(B) Skewed to the left
(C) Symmetrical bell-shaped
(D) Flat line
30. : A skewed distribution means:
(A) Data is evenly distributed
(B) Data is symmetrical
(C) Data leans to one side
(D) Data has no mean value