Q#1: Congestion occurs when:
(A) Bandwidth increases
(B) Too many packets compete for limited resources
(C) Only one host transmits
(D) Error rate decreases
Answer: (B) Too many packets compete for limited resources
Q#2: Congestion control is mainly handled at which layer?
(A) Physical layer
(B) Data Link layer
(C) Transport layer
(D) Application layer
Answer: (C) Transport layer
Q#3: TCP uses which method for congestion control?
(A) Static routing
(B) Sliding window adjustment
(C) Broadcasting
(D) Encryption
Answer: (B) Sliding window adjustment
Q#4: Slow Start is a part of:
(A) UDP
(B) TCP congestion control
(C) ARP
(D) DNS
Answer: (B) TCP congestion control
Q#5: In Slow Start, congestion window size increases:
(A) Linearly
(B) Exponentially
(C) Randomly
(D) Decreases always
Answer: (B) Exponentially
Q#6: Congestion Avoidance increases window size:
(A) Exponentially
(B) Linearly
(C) Randomly
(D) Doubles always
Answer: (B) Linearly
Q#7: The main goal of congestion control is to:
(A) Increase packet loss
(B) Prevent network collapse
(C) Increase delay
(D) Stop routing
Answer: (B) Prevent network collapse
Q#8: QoS stands for:
(A) Quality of Signal
(B) Quantity of Service
(C) Quality of Service
(D) Quick Online Service
Answer: (C) Quality of Service
Q#9: QoS is concerned with:
(A) Addressing
(B) Routing only
(C) Performance parameters
(D) Encryption
Answer: (C) Performance parameters
Q#10: Which is NOT a QoS parameter?
(A) Bandwidth
(B) Delay
(C) Jitter
(D) MAC address
Answer: (D) MAC address
Q#11: Delay refers to:
(A) Time to send packet
(B) Packet size
(C) Port number
(D) Encryption time
Answer: (A) Time to send packet
Q#12: Jitter means:
(A) Packet loss
(B) Variation in delay
(C) High bandwidth
(D) Low congestion
Answer: (B) Variation in delay
Q#13: Throughput is:
(A) Amount of data successfully delivered
(B) Packet header size
(C) Number of routers
(D) IP address
Answer: (A) Amount of data successfully delivered
Q#14: Packet loss occurs due to:
(A) Unlimited bandwidth
(B) Congestion
(C) Low traffic
(D) Static routing
Answer: (B) Congestion
Q#15: Traffic shaping is used to:
(A) Increase congestion
(B) Control data rate
(C) Remove routing
(D) Change IP
Answer: (B) Control data rate
Q#16: Leaky Bucket algorithm is used for:
(A) Encryption
(B) Traffic shaping
(C) Routing
(D) Address mapping
Answer: (B) Traffic shaping
Q#17: Token Bucket algorithm allows:
(A) Fixed rate only
(B) Burst transmission
(C) No transmission
(D) Random routing
Answer: (B) Burst transmission
Q#18: Congestion control can be:
(A) Open-loop and Closed-loop
(B) Static only
(C) Dynamic only
(D) None
Answer: (A) Open-loop and Closed-loop
Q#19: Open-loop congestion control is based on:
(A) Feedback
(B) Prevention
(C) Acknowledgment
(D) Window size
Answer: (B) Prevention
Q#20: Closed-loop congestion control is based on:
(A) Prevention
(B) Feedback
(C) Static routing
(D) Encryption
Answer: (B) Feedback
Q#21: Which message indicates congestion in TCP?
(A) SYN
(B) ACK
(C) Timeout
(D) RST
Answer: (C) Timeout
Q#22: Fast Retransmit is triggered by:
(A) One duplicate ACK
(B) Three duplicate ACKs
(C) No ACK
(D) SYN flag
Answer: (B) Three duplicate ACKs
Q#23: RED stands for:
(A) Rapid Error Detection
(B) Random Early Detection
(C) Reliable End Delivery
(D) Routing Error Delay
Answer: (B) Random Early Detection
Q#24: RED is used in:
(A) Routers
(B) Switches only
(C) Hosts
(D) DNS servers
Answer: (A) Routers
Q#25: Admission control is related to:
(A) Security
(B) QoS
(C) Addressing
(D) Encryption
Answer: (B) QoS
Q#26: QoS guarantees are important for:
(A) Email
(B) File storage
(C) Real-time applications
(D) ARP
Answer: (C) Real-time applications
Q#27: Which application requires low jitter?
(A) FTP
(B) Email
(C) Video conferencing
(D) Printing
Answer: (C) Video conferencing
Q#28: Congestion window size is represented as:
(A) cwnd
(B) rwnd
(C) snd
(D) ack
Answer: (A) cwnd
Q#29: Receiver window size is represented as:
(A) cwnd
(B) rwnd
(C) wnd
(D) seg
Answer: (B) rwnd
Q#30: The effective window size is:
(A) Maximum of cwnd and rwnd
(B) Minimum of cwnd and rwnd
(C) Sum of both
(D) Difference of both
Answer: (B) Minimum of cwnd and rwnd
Q#31: Queue management helps to:
(A) Increase delay
(B) Reduce congestion
(C) Change IP
(D) Encrypt data
Answer: (B) Reduce congestion
Q#32: Which factor directly affects QoS?
(A) Packet size
(B) Delay
(C) MAC address
(D) DNS
Answer: (B) Delay
Q#33: High congestion results in:
(A) Low delay
(B) High packet loss
(C) High bandwidth
(D) No traffic
Answer: (B) High packet loss
Q#34: Traffic policing is used to:
(A) Monitor and control traffic rate
(B) Encrypt packets
(C) Route packets
(D) Change ports
Answer: (A) Monitor and control traffic rate
Q#35: QoS techniques include:
(A) Scheduling
(B) Encryption
(C) Static routing
(D) ARP
Answer: (A) Scheduling
Q#36: FIFO scheduling means:
(A) First In First Out
(B) Fast Input Fast Output
(C) Fixed Internal Frame Output
(D) None
Answer: (A) First In First Out
Q#37: Priority queuing gives preference to:
(A) Low-priority traffic
(B) High-priority traffic
(C) All traffic equally
(D) Broadcast only
Answer: (B) High-priority traffic
Q#38: Weighted Fair Queuing ensures:
(A) Equal bandwidth sharing
(B) No sharing
(C) Random routing
(D) No delay
Answer: (A) Equal bandwidth sharing
Q#39: Congestion collapse means:
(A) Maximum throughput
(B) Network failure due to overload
(C) Low traffic
(D) Encryption error
Answer: (B) Network failure due to overload
Q#40: Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is used to:
(A) Encrypt data
(B) Signal congestion without dropping packets
(C) Change IP
(D) Stop routing
Answer: (B) Signal congestion without dropping packets
Q#41: Which protocol mainly implements congestion control?
(A) UDP
(B) TCP
(C) ARP
(D) ICMP
Answer: (B) TCP
Q#42: Bandwidth is measured in:
(A) Seconds
(B) Bits per second
(C) Bytes only
(D) Frames
Answer: (B) Bits per second
Q#43: Delay includes:
(A) Transmission delay only
(B) Propagation delay only
(C) Multiple components
(D) No components
Answer: (C) Multiple components
Q#44: Buffer overflow leads to:
(A) Packet delivery
(B) Packet loss
(C) High speed
(D) No congestion
Answer: (B) Packet loss
Q#45: The purpose of QoS is to:
(A) Reduce performance
(B) Guarantee performance levels
(C) Increase errors
(D) Stop traffic
Answer: (B) Guarantee performance levels
Q#46: Traffic shaping smooths:
(A) Packet headers
(B) Data flow
(C) IP address
(D) Routing tables
Answer: (B) Data flow
Q#47: Congestion control differs from flow control because it:
(A) Works between sender and receiver only
(B) Works within network routers
(C) Encrypts data
(D) Changes MAC address
Answer: (B) Works within network routers
Q#48: QoS is especially important in:
(A) Static websites
(B) Voice over IP
(C) Text files
(D) ARP requests
Answer: (B) Voice over IP
Q#49: The threshold in TCP controls transition from:
(A) Slow start to congestion avoidance
(B) UDP to TCP
(C) IP to ARP
(D) Routing to switching
Answer: (A) Slow start to congestion avoidance
Q#50: The main objective of congestion control and QoS is:
(A) Maximum packet loss
(B) Efficient and reliable network performance
(C) Remove transport layer
(D) Stop data flow
Answer: (B) Efficient and reliable network performance