1. : Clinical nutrition mainly deals with:
(A) Nutritional management of diseases
(B) Food processing methods
(C) Agricultural practices
(D) Food packaging
2. : The main goal of clinical nutrition therapy is to:
(A) Cure infections
(B) Maintain or restore optimal nutritional status
(C) Increase food production
(D) Promote weight gain only
3. : Which condition requires a low-sodium diet?
(A) Hypertension
(B) Diabetes mellitus
(C) Anemia
(D) Osteoporosis
4. : A diabetic diet primarily controls:
(A) Protein intake
(B) Carbohydrate intake
(C) Fat intake
(D) Vitamin intake
5. : The most important nutrient in wound healing is:
(A) Vitamin C
(B) Vitamin D
(C) Sodium
(D) Iron
6. : Obesity is most commonly caused by:
(A) High energy intake and low expenditure
(B) Vitamin deficiency
(C) Genetic disorder only
(D) Protein deficiency
7. : Which nutrient is essential for red blood cell production?
(A) Calcium
(B) Iron
(C) Sodium
(D) Zinc
8. : The deficiency of Vitamin B₁₂ leads to:
(A) Scurvy
(B) Pernicious anemia
(C) Rickets
(D) Night blindness
9. : Which mineral is important for bone health?
(A) Zinc
(B) Calcium
(C) Iron
(D) Iodine
10. : A high-protein diet is recommended in:
(A) Burns and trauma patients
(B) Kidney failure
(C) Hypertension
(D) Gout
11. : The main energy-yielding nutrients are:
(A) Vitamins and minerals
(B) Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
(C) Water and fiber
(D) Electrolytes
12. : The caloric value of 1 gram of protein is:
(A) 9 kcal
(B) 7 kcal
(C) 4 kcal
(D) 2 kcal
13. : In diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level is:
(A) Below normal
(B) Above normal
(C) Constantly normal
(D) None of these
14. : The main function of insulin is to:
(A) Increase blood sugar
(B) Regulate blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells
(C) Break down fats
(D) Produce energy directly
15. : Which vitamin helps in calcium absorption?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin D
(C) Vitamin E
(D) Vitamin C
16. : The deficiency of protein and energy in children causes:
(A) Rickets
(B) Kwashiorkor and marasmus
(C) Scurvy
(D) Goiter
17. : Which diet is given to patients after gastrointestinal surgery?
(A) Liquid diet
(B) High-fiber diet
(C) High-fat diet
(D) Spicy diet
18. : Sodium restriction is advised in:
(A) Hypertension and heart failure
(B) Anemia
(C) Diabetes
(D) Rickets
19. : Vitamin A deficiency causes:
(A) Scurvy
(B) Night blindness
(C) Beriberi
(D) Goiter
20. : The main symptom of Vitamin C deficiency is:
(A) Bleeding gums
(B) Weak bones
(C) Hair loss
(D) Night blindness
21. : Which of the following is a symptom of protein deficiency?
(A) Edema
(B) Rickets
(C) Anemia
(D) Goiter
22. : A high-fiber diet helps in:
(A) Preventing constipation
(B) Increasing cholesterol
(C) Causing obesity
(D) Inducing dehydration
23. : The body’s main storage form of carbohydrate is:
(A) Glucose
(B) Glycogen
(C) Starch
(D) Fiber
24. : Which of the following foods is rich in omega-3 fatty acids?
(A) Fish
(B) Rice
(C) Bread
(D) Milk
25. : Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin B-complex
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin E
26. : Rickets occurs due to deficiency of:
(A) Vitamin D
(B) Vitamin K
(C) Vitamin B₁₂
(D) Niacin
27. : A low-purine diet is prescribed in:
(A) Gout
(B) Hypertension
(C) Diabetes
(D) Obesity
28. : Which vitamin is known as ascorbic acid?
(A) Vitamin B₁₂
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin K
(D) Vitamin D
29. : Which nutrient provides the highest energy per gram?
(A) Fats
(B) Proteins
(C) Carbohydrates
(D) Fiber
30. : The main role of clinical dietitians in hospitals is to:
(A) Prepare balanced diets for patients
(B) Teach cooking
(C) Perform surgery
(D) Administer drugs
31. : Anemia can be treated by increasing intake of:
(A) Iron and folic acid
(B) Calcium
(C) Vitamin K
(D) Sodium
32. : Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
(A) Vitamin K
(B) Vitamin D
(C) Vitamin B₂
(D) Vitamin C
33. : The main function of dietary protein is:
(A) Provide energy only
(B) Build and repair body tissues
(C) Absorb minerals
(D) Store vitamins
34. : The normal fasting blood glucose level is:
(A) 70–99 mg/dL
(B) 100–120 mg/dL
(C) 130–150 mg/dL
(D) 50–60 mg/dL
35. : The main cause of osteoporosis is:
(A) Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency
(B) Protein excess
(C) Iron deficiency
(D) Low carbohydrate intake
36. : Which of the following is a source of complete protein?
(A) Eggs
(B) Rice
(C) Corn
(D) Potatoes
37. : Vitamin B₁ deficiency causes:
(A) Beriberi
(B) Pellagra
(C) Rickets
(D) Scurvy
38. : Which of the following conditions requires a high-calorie diet?
(A) Underweight and malnourished patients
(B) Diabetes
(C) Gout
(D) Hypertension
39. : Which nutrient should be restricted in renal failure?
(A) Protein
(B) Carbohydrates
(C) Fiber
(D) Vitamins
40. : The BMI value for obesity is:
(A) Above 30
(B) 25–29.9
(C) 18.5–24.9
(D) Below 18.5
41. : Vitamin E acts as:
(A) Antioxidant
(B) Coagulant
(C) Enzyme
(D) Hormone
42. : A patient with hypertension should avoid:
(A) Pickles and processed foods
(B) Fruits
(C) Milk
(D) Cereals
43. : Excessive fat intake increases the risk of:
(A) Cardiovascular diseases
(B) Anemia
(C) Osteoporosis
(D) Scurvy
44. : Which vitamin is necessary for proper vision?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin B₂
45. : In celiac disease, patients should avoid:
(A) Gluten-containing foods
(B) Milk
(C) Fruits
(D) Vegetables
46. : The richest source of calcium is:
(A) Milk and milk products
(B) Meat
(C) Rice
(D) Oil
47. : The major dietary modification for diabetes is:
(A) Control of carbohydrate and sugar intake
(B) Increase in sodium intake
(C) Decrease in protein
(D) Restrict all fats
48. : Which mineral maintains fluid balance in the body?
(A) Sodium
(B) Iron
(C) Zinc
(D) Calcium
49. : The deficiency of niacin leads to:
(A) Pellagra
(B) Scurvy
(C) Rickets
(D) Beriberi
50. : Clinical nutrition assessment includes:
(A) Dietary, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical evaluation
(B) Cooking demonstration only
(C) Measuring food temperature
(D) Packaging tests