1. Circumstantial evidence is also known as:
(A) Indirect evidence
(B) Documentary evidence
(C) Direct evidence
(D) Primary evidence
2. Circumstantial evidence refers to:
(A) Evidence that directly proves a fact
(B) Evidence from which a fact in issue may be inferred
(C) Oral testimony only
(D) Written documents only
3. According to Sir James Stephen, relevant facts are those:
(A) Which are unrelated to the issue
(B) Which are proved by witnesses only
(C) From which inference about facts in issue can be drawn
(D) Which are always documentary
4. A fact is relevant to another fact when:
(A) It has no connection
(B) It is a rumor
(C) It is assumed by the court
(D) It is the cause or effect of another fact
5. Circumstantial evidence may prove a fact by:
(A) Guesswork
(B) Logical inference
(C) Assumption only
(D) Opinion only
6. In Peacock v. The King (1911) the court relied on:
(A) Blackstone Commentaries
(B) Starkie on Evidence
(C) Roman law
(D) Contract law
7. According to Hewart LCJ (1928) circumstantial evidence:
(A) Is always weak evidence
(B) Is illegal evidence
(C) Is never reliable
(D) Is often the best evidence
8. Circumstantial evidence refers to evidence of:
(A) Direct confession
(B) Surrounding circumstances
(C) Written statements only
(D) Documentary proof only
9. Professor Wigmore described circumstantial evidence as:
(A) Evidence consisting of assertions only
(B) Evidence based only on confession
(C) Evidence not consisting of direct assertions of fact
(D) Evidence limited to documents
10. Wigmore classified circumstantial evidence based on time as:
(A) Primary and secondary
(B) Oral and documentary
(C) Before, during, and after the act
(D) Public and private
11. Evidence occurring before the act is called:
(A) Prospectant
(B) Retrospectant
(C) Concomitant
(D) Documentary
12. Evidence occurring at the time of the act is called:
(A) Prospectant
(B) Retrospectant
(C) Concomitant
(D) Subsequent evidence
13. Evidence occurring after the act is called:
(A) Prospectant
(B) Retrospectant
(C) Concomitant
(D) Primary evidence
14. Circumstantial evidence in criminal cases means:
(A) Evidence proving the crime directly
(B) Evidence by confession only
(C) Evidence given by police only
(D) Evidence from which a fact in issue is inferred
15. Evidence showing a mere propensity to commit crime was traditionally:
(A) Generally inadmissible
(B) Always admissible
(C) Mandatory evidence
(D) Conclusive evidence
16. Evidence of similar facts may be admissible when:
(A) It is only hearsay
(B) It is unrelated to the case
(C) It is irrelevant
(D) It shows striking similarity with the charged act
17. The famous Makin case (1892) involved:
(A) Murder of infants for money
(B) Theft of gold
(C) Fraud case
(D) Land dispute
18. In the Makin case, discovery of multiple buried bodies helped to:
(A) Prove accident
(B) Prove murder through circumstantial evidence
(C) Show coincidence
(D) Prove civil liability
19. Evidence of similar acts may be admitted when it:
(A) Shows coincidence only
(B) Shows rumors
(C) Reveals a pattern of activity
(D) Shows personal opinion
20. According to Lord Cross in Boardman case, similar fact evidence requires:
(A) Striking similarity
(B) Simple resemblance
(C) No similarity
(D) Mere suspicion
21. Under the Evidence Act, evidence of tendency or character is governed by:
(A) Section 95
(B) Section 50
(C) Section 97
(D) Section 30
22. Evidence of coincidence of events is governed by:
(A) Section 100
(B) Section 97
(C) Section 98
(D) Section 120
23. Section 101 of the Evidence Act requires exclusion of evidence when:
(A) Probative value is low
(B) Prejudicial effect outweighs probative value
(C) Evidence is oral
(D) Evidence is documentary
24. Circumstantial evidence must lead to:
(A) Multiple possible conclusions
(B) Random assumption
(C) No conclusion
(D) Only rational conclusion of guilt
25. In criminal cases, circumstantial evidence must:
(A) Allow multiple hypotheses
(B) Exclude every hypothesis except guilt
(C) Depend on guesswork
(D) Be ignored by courts