1. Bryology is the study of:
(A) Mosses and liverworts
(B) Algae
(C) Fungi
(D) Gymnosperms
2. Bryophytes are:
(A) Vascular plants
(B) Flowering plants
(C) Non-vascular plants
(D) Gymnosperms
3. The dominant phase in bryophytes is:
(A) Gametophyte
(B) Sporophyte
(C) Seedling
(D) Zygote
4. Bryophytes require water for:
(A) Fertilization
(B) Photosynthesis
(C) Respiration
(D) Transpiration
5. Mosses belong to the phylum:
(A) Bryophyta
(B) Hepaticophyta
(C) Pteridophyta
(D) Anthophyta
6. Liverworts belong to the phylum:
(A) Hepaticophyta
(B) Bryophyta
(C) Pteridophyta
(D) Chlorophyta
7. Hornworts belong to the phylum:
(A) Bryophyta
(B) Pteridophyta
(C) Hepaticophyta
(D) Anthocerotophyta
8. Bryophytes lack:
(A) Chlorophyll
(B) Xylem and phloem
(C) Cell wall
(D) Nucleus
9. Rhizoids in bryophytes help in:
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Anchoring
(C) Fertilization
(D) Spore dispersal
10. Bryophytes reproduce by:
(A) Seeds
(B) Cones
(C) Flowers
(D) Spores
11. The gametophyte of bryophytes is:
(A) Small and short-lived
(B) Sporophytic
(C) Non-photosynthetic
(D) Large and persistent
12. The sporophyte of bryophytes is:
(A) Independent
(B) Photosynthetic
(C) Dependent on gametophyte
(D) Multicellular
13. Antheridia produce:
(A) Eggs
(B) Zygotes
(C) Spores
(D) Sperm
14. Archegonia produce:
(A) Spores
(B) Sperm
(C) Eggs
(D) Gametes
15. Fertilization in bryophytes requires:
(A) Wind
(B) Self-pollination
(C) Animals
(D) Water
16. Sphagnum moss is important as:
(A) Food only
(B) Medicine only
(C) Fuel and horticulture
(D) Rubber production
17. Mosses are mainly:
(A) Marine
(B) Aquatic
(C) Terrestrial
(D) Epiphytic
18. Liverworts have body called:
(A) Stem
(B) Leafy shoots
(C) Rhizome
(D) Thallus
19. In mosses, the leafy gametophyte is:
(A) Protonema
(B) Archegonia
(C) Antheridia
(D) Sporophyte
20. The sporophyte of bryophytes consists of:
(A) Spores only
(B) Root, stem, leaf
(C) Antheridia, archegonia
(D) Foot, seta, capsule
21. Mosses are used as:
(A) Bioindicators of air pollution
(B) Fiber source
(C) Medicine only
(D) Rubber production
22. Asexual reproduction in bryophytes occurs by:
(A) Flowers
(B) Spores only
(C) Seeds
(D) Gemmae
23. Marchantia reproduces asexually by:
(A) Buds
(B) Gemmae
(C) Spores
(D) Conidia
24. The capsule in mosses produces:
(A) Spores
(B) Gametes
(C) Zygotes
(D) Gemmae
25. Bryophytes require a moist environment because:
(A) They need water for fertilization
(B) They lack cuticle
(C) They lack chlorophyll
(D) They have seeds
26. Rhizoids are:
(A) True roots
(B) Root-like structures
(C) Stem structures
(D) Leaf structures
27. Protonema is:
(A) First stage of gametophyte
(B) Young sporophyte
(C) Rhizoid
(D) Capsule
28. Moss leaves are:
(A) True leaves with veins
(B) Modified roots
(C) Leaf-like without vascular tissue
(D) Thallus
29. Bryophytes are:
(A) Non-seed plants
(B) Seed plants
(C) Gymnosperms
(D) Angiosperms
30. Hornworts have sporophyte that is:
(A) Short-lived
(B) Long-lived and photosynthetic
(C) Dependent on gametophyte
(D) Non-photosynthetic
31. Mosses help in:
(A) Rubber production
(B) Producing timber
(C) Preventing soil erosion
(D) Fiber extraction
32. Liverworts reproduce sexually by producing:
(A) Gemmae
(B) Antheridia and archegonia
(C) Spores only
(D) Seeds
33. Moss capsules release spores by:
(A) Wind
(B) Water only
(C) Self-dispersal mechanisms
(D) Animals
34. Bryophytes are considered:
(A) Pioneers in ecosystem colonization
(B) Aquatic only
(C) Marine only
(D) Parasitic
35. The seta in moss sporophyte functions as:
(A) Support and elevates capsule
(B) Food absorption
(C) Photosynthesis
(D) Fertilization
36. Bryophytes do not have:
(A) Rhizoids
(B) True roots, stems, leaves
(C) Spores
(D) Chlorophyll
37. Sphagnum is also called:
(A) Reindeer moss
(B) Club moss
(C) Peat moss
(D) Sea moss
38. Mosses help in:
(A) Fiber production
(B) Oil production
(C) Maintaining moisture in soil
(D) Rubber production
39. Bryophytes are mostly:
(A) Flowering
(B) Heterosporous
(C) Seed-producing
(D) Homosporous
40. The foot of bryophyte sporophyte:
(A) Stores spores
(B) Photosynthetic
(C) Produces gametes
(D) Absorbs nutrients from gametophyte
41. Archegonium produces:
(A) Sperm
(B) Spores
(C) Egg
(D) Gemmae
42. Mosses are used in:
(A) Fiber production only
(B) Horticulture and peat fuel
(C) Rubber production only
(D) Alcohol production only
43. Bryophytes have alternation of:
(A) Leaves
(B) Generations
(C) Roots
(D) Flowers
44. Gemma cups in Marchantia contain:
(A) Spores
(B) Antheridia
(C) Seeds
(D) Gemmae
45. Sporophyte in bryophytes is:
(A) Photosynthetic and long-lived
(B) Non-photosynthetic and short-lived
(C) Independent
(D) Gametophytic
46. Hornwort sporophyte has:
(A) Foot, seta, capsule
(B) Foot only
(C) Foot and capsule only
(D) Independent thallus
47. The green leafy stage of moss is called:
(A) Sporophyte
(B) Rhizoid
(C) Protonema
(D) Gametophyte
48. Bryophytes are sensitive to:
(A) Fertilizer only
(B) Pollution
(C) Water only
(D) Soil only
49. Moss protonema develops from:
(A) Rhizoid
(B) Seed
(C) Gemma
(D) Spore
50. Bryophytes are economically important as:
(A) Rubber only
(B) Fiber only
(C) Bioindicators, fuel, soil conservation, horticulture
(D) Oil only