1. The bearing capacity (برداشت کی صلاحیت) of soil is its ability to:
(A) Resist sliding
(B) Support structural loads without failure
(C) Retain water
(D) Reduce permeability
2. Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory (ٹیرازاغی کا نظریہ) applies to:
(A) Shallow foundations (کم گہری بنیادیں)
(B) Deep foundations
(C) Piles only
(D) Raft foundations
3. In Terzaghi’s equation (ٹیرازاغی کا مساوات), the bearing capacity factors are:
(A) Nf, Ng, Nh
(B) N1, N2, N3
(C) Na, Nb, Nc
(D) Nc, Nq, Nγ
4. The ultimate bearing capacity (حتمی برداشت کی صلاحیت) is defined as:
(A) Minimum pressure before failure
(B) Maximum pressure soil can bear before failure
(C) Safe working pressure
(D) Zero settlement pressure
5. The safe bearing capacity (محفوظ برداشت کی صلاحیت) equals:
(A) Ultimate bearing capacity / Factor of safety
(B) Gross pressure / Settlement
(C) Water content × Unit weight
(D) Cohesion × Friction angle
6. Meyerhof’s theory (مائرہوف کا نظریہ) improved Terzaghi’s theory by adding:
(A) Unit weight correction
(B) Friction and cohesion only
(C) Depth, shape, and inclination factors
(D) Water table correction only
7. The net ultimate bearing capacity (خالص حتمی برداشت) is:
(A) Ultimate bearing capacity – Overburden pressure
(B) Safe bearing capacity × Factor of safety
(C) Net pressure × Settlement
(D) Gross capacity × Density
8. For cohesive soils (چپکنے والی مٹی), bearing capacity depends mainly on:
(A) Density
(B) Friction angle
(C) Cohesion (چپکاؤ)
(D) Permeability
9. For cohesionless soils (غیر چپکنے والی مٹی), bearing capacity depends mainly on:
(A) Angle of internal friction (زاویہ رگڑ)
(B) Cohesion
(C) Void ratio
(D) Density only
10. General shear failure (عمومی قینچ کی ناکامی) occurs in:
(A) Loose sand
(B) Dense sand and stiff clay
(C) Soft clay
(D) Silty soil
11. Local shear failure (مقامی قینچ کی ناکامی) occurs in:
(A) Loose sand and soft clay
(B) Dense sand
(C) Stiff clay
(D) Gravel
12. In Terzaghi’s formula, unit weight of soil (مٹی کا اکائی وزن) is denoted by:
(A) ρ
(B) w
(C) γ
(D) k
13. The factor of safety (حفاظتی عامل) for bearing capacity is usually:
(A) 1.5
(B) 2.0–3.0
(C) 5.0
(D) 10.0
14. Meyerhof’s bearing capacity factors are based on:
(A) Porosity
(B) Cohesion
(C) Void ratio
(D) φ (angle of friction)
15. The gross bearing capacity (مجموعی برداشت) is:
(A) Total pressure at foundation base
(B) Net pressure × Safety factor
(C) Cohesion × Friction
(D) Ultimate pressure – Overburden
16. Effect of water table (پانی کی سطح کا اثر) near foundation:
(A) Reduces bearing capacity
(B) Increases cohesion
(C) Has no effect
(D) Increases effective stress
17. The width of footing (بنیاد کی چوڑائی) affects bearing capacity:
(A) Directly proportional
(B) Inversely proportional
(C) Not related
(D) Logarithmic relation
18. The depth of foundation (بنیاد کی گہرائی) in Meyerhof’s equation affects:
(A) Bearing capacity through depth factor
(B) Unit weight
(C) Water table correction
(D) None of these
19. Skempton’s equation (سکیمپٹن کا مساوات) applies to:
(A) Gravel
(B) Sand under drained condition
(C) Cohesive soil under undrained condition
(D) Rock
20. Effect of shape factor (شکل کا عامل) in Meyerhof’s theory is to:
(A) Adjust for non-square footing
(B) Measure water content
(C) Reduce settlement
(D) Increase density
21. The ultimate bearing capacity for a strip footing on sand increases with:
(A) Decrease in φ
(B) Increase in φ (friction angle)
(C) Increase in cohesion
(D) Decrease in density
22. Terzaghi’s theory assumes the footing is:
(A) Rough and rigid
(B) Flexible
(C) Floating
(D) Reinforced
23. Punching shear failure (پھنچنگ قینچ کی ناکامی) is typical for:
(A) Gravel soil
(B) Dense sand
(C) Hard clay
(D) Very loose sand or very soft clay
24. For square footing (مربع بنیاد), the bearing capacity is:
(A) Greater than strip footing
(B) Less than strip footing
(C) Equal to strip footing
(D) Zero
25. Inclination factor (جھکاؤ کا عامل) is used when:
(A) Load is inclined on footing
(B) Load is vertical
(C) Soil is dry
(D) Soil is cohesive
26. The net safe bearing capacity (خالص محفوظ برداشت) equals:
(A) Gross / Factor of safety
(B) Net ultimate / Factor of safety
(C) Cohesion × Friction
(D) Ultimate × Safety factor
27. The angle of internal friction (زاویہ رگڑ) affects:
(A) Shear strength and bearing capacity
(B) Density only
(C) Settlement only
(D) Cohesion value
28. Terzaghi’s bearing capacity equation is valid for:
(A) Pile foundation
(B) Isolated footing only
(C) Continuous or strip footing
(D) Mat foundation
29. Bearing capacity tests (برداشت کی صلاحیت کے ٹیسٹ) in field include:
(A) Plate load test and SPT
(B) Compression test only
(C) Water absorption test
(D) Consolidation test
30. Bearing capacity failure (برداشت کی ناکامی) is mainly due to:
(A) Excessive water
(B) Shear failure of soil below foundation
(C) Over-consolidation
(D) Surface tension