1. : The major components of food are:
(A) Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water
(B) Sugar, salt, color, and flavor
(C) Only carbohydrates and fats
(D) Fiber and starch only
2. : The main function of carbohydrates in the diet is to:
(A) Provide energy
(B) Build muscles
(C) Regulate hormones
(D) Aid mineral absorption
3. : The energy yield from 1 gram of carbohydrate is:
(A) 4 kcal
(B) 7 kcal
(C) 9 kcal
(D) 2 kcal
4. : The primary function of proteins is:
(A) Growth and tissue repair
(B) Energy storage
(C) Body hydration
(D) Improve digestion
5. : Fats provide how many kilocalories per gram?
(A) 9 kcal
(B) 4 kcal
(C) 7 kcal
(D) 5 kcal
6. : The basic unit of proteins is:
(A) Amino acid
(B) Fatty acid
(C) Glucose
(D) Peptide
7. : The main storage form of carbohydrates in the human body is:
(A) Glycogen
(B) Glucose
(C) Cellulose
(D) Maltose
8. : Which component helps in maintaining water balance in the body?
(A) Minerals
(B) Carbohydrates
(C) Proteins
(D) Fats
9. : The main function of dietary fiber is to:
(A) Aid digestion and prevent constipation
(B) Provide calories
(C) Build muscles
(D) Store energy
10. : Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?
(A) Glucose
(B) Starch
(C) Cellulose
(D) Pectin
11. : Lipids are composed mainly of:
(A) Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
(B) Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur
(C) Oxygen and phosphorus
(D) Hydrogen and chlorine
12. : The building blocks of fats are:
(A) Fatty acids and glycerol
(B) Amino acids
(C) Glucose and fructose
(D) Minerals and water
13. : Which type of fatty acid has no double bonds?
(A) Saturated fatty acid
(B) Unsaturated fatty acid
(C) Polyunsaturated fatty acid
(D) Essential fatty acid
14. : The function of vitamins is mainly to:
(A) Regulate body metabolism
(B) Provide energy
(C) Build tissues
(D) Strengthen bones directly
15. : The vitamin essential for good vision is:
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin E
16. : Vitamin C is also known as:
(A) Ascorbic acid
(B) Retinol
(C) Tocopherol
(D) Niacin
17. : The main function of vitamin D is to:
(A) Help in calcium absorption
(B) Promote digestion
(C) Aid in blood clotting
(D) Improve vision
18. : Vitamin K is important for:
(A) Blood clotting
(B) Eye health
(C) Bone strength
(D) Nerve function
19. : Minerals are classified as:
(A) Major and trace minerals
(B) Soluble and insoluble
(C) Organic and inorganic
(D) Active and passive
20. : Calcium is necessary for:
(A) Bone and teeth formation
(B) Blood pressure regulation
(C) Energy metabolism
(D) Hormone production
21. : Iron is essential for:
(A) Formation of hemoglobin
(B) Bone development
(C) Muscle contraction
(D) Blood clotting
22. : Sodium and potassium regulate:
(A) Nerve impulses and fluid balance
(B) Bone structure
(C) Enzyme activity
(D) Energy production
23. : The main function of water in the body is to:
(A) Maintain temperature and transport nutrients
(B) Provide energy
(C) Build muscle
(D) Form bones
24. : Proteins can act as:
(A) Enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
(B) Energy storage molecules only
(C) Sugars
(D) Minerals
25. : The indigestible polysaccharide in plant cell walls is:
(A) Cellulose
(B) Starch
(C) Glycogen
(D) Pectin
26. : Which of the following is a disaccharide?
(A) Sucrose
(B) Glucose
(C) Fructose
(D) Galactose
27. : The function of enzymes in food is to:
(A) Catalyze biochemical reactions
(B) Provide color
(C) Supply energy
(D) Preserve flavor
28. : The term “essential amino acids” refers to:
(A) Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body
(B) All amino acids in food
(C) Non-protein compounds
(D) Amino acids used only in children
29. : The main storage form of fat in animals is:
(A) Triglycerides
(B) Cholesterol
(C) Phospholipids
(D) Steroids
30. : The component responsible for the flavor of butter is:
(A) Diacetyl
(B) Casein
(C) Lactose
(D) Stearic acid
31. : The most abundant mineral in the human body is:
(A) Calcium
(B) Iron
(C) Phosphorus
(D) Magnesium
32. : Antioxidant vitamins include:
(A) Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Beta-carotene
(B) Vitamin D and K
(C) Vitamin B1 and B2
(D) Vitamin A and D
33. : Which component provides structural support in plants?
(A) Cellulose
(B) Sucrose
(C) Maltose
(D) Protein
34. : The main function of phospholipids is:
(A) Forming cell membranes
(B) Energy storage
(C) Producing hormones
(D) Strengthening bones
35. : Deficiency of protein leads to:
(A) Kwashiorkor
(B) Scurvy
(C) Night blindness
(D) Rickets
36. : Which nutrient helps regulate metabolism as coenzymes?
(A) B-complex vitamins
(B) Fats
(C) Water
(D) Fiber
37. : The sweetness in fruits is mainly due to:
(A) Fructose
(B) Sucrose
(C) Lactose
(D) Maltose
38. : Cholesterol is found only in:
(A) Animal-based foods
(B) Plant-based foods
(C) Fruits and vegetables
(D) Cereals
39. : Omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for:
(A) Heart health
(B) Bone growth
(C) Eye color
(D) Skin tanning
40. : The main function of starch in food is:
(A) Energy storage in plants
(B) Provide color
(C) Control pH
(D) Improve flavor
41. : The body stores excess glucose as:
(A) Glycogen
(B) Starch
(C) Protein
(D) Cellulose
42. : Minerals required in very small quantities are called:
(A) Trace elements
(B) Major minerals
(C) Electrolytes
(D) Micronutrients
43. : Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
(A) Vitamin C
(B) Vitamin A
(C) Vitamin D
(D) Vitamin E
44. : The major component of blood plasma is:
(A) Water
(B) Protein
(C) Fat
(D) Glucose
45. : Protein quality depends on:
(A) Amino acid composition
(B) Caloric value
(C) Texture
(D) Color
46. : The main function of dietary fat is:
(A) Energy source and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
(B) Water balance
(C) Protein synthesis
(D) Enzyme activity
47. : The fat-soluble vitamins are:
(A) A, D, E, K
(B) B1, B2, C, B12
(C) C, D, E, F
(D) A, B, C, D
48. : The mineral necessary for thyroid hormone synthesis is:
(A) Iodine
(B) Iron
(C) Zinc
(D) Calcium
49. : Which nutrient helps maintain osmotic pressure in cells?
(A) Sodium
(B) Calcium
(C) Iron
(D) Phosphorus
50. : The main function of food components is to:
(A) Support growth, provide energy, and regulate body functions
(B) Give food color
(C) Change pH
(D) Improve smell